關鍵詞: 河南安陽市 洹北商城 宮殿 一號、二號基址 復原研究
KEYWORDS : Henan Anyang City  Huanbei Shang City  Site Royal Palaces Foundation Sites No.1 and No.2 Restoration Designs
ABSTRACT: Based on the status seen in the excavation and the relevant remains unearthed, this paper tries to make a preliminary restoration to the architect ural foundations nos.1 and 2 in the palace area of the Huanbei City Site of the Shang Dynasty. The restoration research shows that foundation site no.1 was a large-scale quadrangle with east and west wings, the main hall of which had ten bays in the facade and porch with colonnade,and small annexes on both sides; the south side of the quadrangle was a roofed corridor in the middle of which a doorway with guardhouse was opened. Foundation site no.2 was also a quadrangle but the detailed designing was slightly different:the main hall had four bays on the facade and was surrounded by porches on all sides, and  had small annexes on east and west sides, but it did not have wings instead of which roofed corridors were built on east,south and west sides. Both architectural complexes were designed as“isolated outward and opening inward”arrangements.This paper also makes inferences on the thickness and building methods of the wattle-and-daub walls.

     商代建筑基址集中發(fā)現(xiàn)于安陽殷墟、鄭州商城、偃師商城三處商王朝都邑[1],其他還清理過商代建筑基址的遺址還有鄭州小雙橋遺址[2]、洹北商城遺址[3]、湖北盤龍城遺址[4]、山東平陰朱家橋遺址[5]等。也曾有多位學者根據考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的地下遺跡嘗試復原商代建筑[6]。
    古代建筑的復原研究,最重要的是基址的保存狀況和發(fā)掘質量。2001～2002 年發(fā)掘的洹北商城一號建筑基址保存較好[7],有完整的臺基以及臺基面上的柱網結構。2008年,中國社會科學院考古研究所安陽工作隊又發(fā)掘了洹北商城宮殿區(qū)的二號基址[8],該基址保存狀況與一號基址類似。這兩處基址可能是迄今考古發(fā)掘所獲得的能夠“最大程度復原” 的商代建筑基址。對這兩處基址進行復原研究, 對于理解商代建筑, 尤其是重新認識早年發(fā)掘的商代建筑遺存具有重要價值。本文是對這兩處基址復原的嘗試。首要依據是考古發(fā)掘的地下遺跡的相關材料,其次是相關的甲骨文字形及與建筑有關的銅器資料，獻記載僅作參考。

作者:唐際根 何毓靈,北京市,100710,中國社會科學院考古研究所。
荊志淳,加拿大英屬哥倫比亞大學人類學系。

原文發(fā)表在《考古》2010年第1期

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（責任編輯：孫丹）