關(guān)鍵詞: 隋唐東都 洛陽 形制布局
KEY WORDS : eastern capital of the Sui and Tang dynasties  Luoyang  building shape and layout
ABSTRACT: The eastern capital of the Sui and Tang dynasties was planned and designed in accordance with the features of the mountain and river terrains. Abiding by the basic principles of capital architecture in ancient China, it sshape and layout embodied both the supremacy of imperial power and the requirements of safety and practicality, which led to the formation of its unique architectural characteristics.The main attention was paid to its economic function. For example, the natural rivers were intensively exploited, which made Luoyang into an economic center radiating in all directions by means of dense river nets. As such a group of distinctive and brilliant building complexes , the eastern capital of the Sui and Tang dynasties held an important position in the architectural history of ancient China and exerted deep-going and far reaching influence upon the capital architecture of East Asian countries in later times.

    隋唐東都位于洛陽盆地的西部,四周群山環(huán)抱,地勢險要;伊河、洛河、澗河蜿蜒流淌, 匯入黃河, 極富舟楫之利; 位置居中,便于控御四方東都城自隋大業(yè)元年始建,歷經(jīng)隋、唐、五代至北宋,基本格局沒有發(fā)生重大變化.平面略呈方形,南寬北窄,四面皆有城垣;宮城、皇城居于郭城西北部;里坊分布整齊劃一,南北向和東西向街道縱橫交錯,使郭城呈棋盤狀布局。
    隋唐東都以其“都城前直伊闕, 后據(jù)邙山,左右澗,洛水貫其中,以象河漢”[1]的地理環(huán)境, 宮城、皇城偏于郭城西北部的獨特布局整齊劃一、以里見方的里坊建制,在中國都城建制史上具有獨特地位。
    一、 研究現(xiàn)狀
    關(guān)于隋唐東都的形制布局,學(xué)界已有不少論著,進(jìn)行了諸多有益的探討和研究。隋唐東都的宮城和皇城偏于郭城西北部,郭城正門定鼎門 (隋建國門)、皇城正門端門、宮城正門應(yīng)天門 (隋則天門) 及宮城正殿等建筑組成的都城軸線偏于都城西部,構(gòu)成了都城的非對稱形制布局。關(guān)于東都城的這種非對稱布局,目前學(xué)界有以下幾種主要觀點。
    (一)“下京城一等”說
    持“下京城一等”說的學(xué)者認(rèn)為,東都洛陽的宮城、皇城位于都城的西北隅, 這是有意區(qū)別于京城大興的布局,這樣的規(guī)劃是下京城一等的禮制要求[2]。最近更有學(xué)者從建都思想、禮制建筑、政治活動、人口規(guī)模與官員配置、對周邊國家的影響等方面對這一觀點進(jìn)行了詮釋[3]。

原文發(fā)表在《考古》2009年第10期

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（責(zé)任編輯：孫丹）